Pengaruh Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang dan Tingkat Efisiensi Pada Mesin Diesel Kapal

Abstract

This structured literature review aims to analyse the effects of alternative fuels and emission-control strategies on the performance and exhaust-emission characteristics of marine diesel engines, with emphasis on the relationship among fuel properties, combustion behaviour, efficiency, and emission components. A structured literature review was conducted using 19 national and international scientific articles selected according to their relevance to marine diesel engines, availability of performance and/or emission information, and relevance to alternative fuels or emission-control technologies. The literature was compared using performance indicators including specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC), thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, and heat release rate (HRR), together with CO, NOx, SOx, CO₂, particulate matter (PM), and black carbon emissions. The synthesis indicates that oxygenated fuels such as biodiesel tend to reduce CO and PM, although NOx may increase under certain operating conditions. LNG shows substantial potential for reducing CO₂ and SOx, while the combination of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Water-in-Fuel Emulsion (WFE) can strongly suppress NOx with a comparatively controlled effect on efficiency. Ammonia offers decarbonisation potential but remains associated with ammonia slip and N₂O formation. Therefore, no single fuel or strategy is superior for all performance and emission indicators; fuel selection should consider fuel properties, engine operating conditions, combustion strategy, emission targets, and the applicable emission-control technology.